{"id":81,"date":"2025-01-06T17:15:06","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T14:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/?p=81"},"modified":"2025-03-20T20:54:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T17:54:55","slug":"kursun-tozu-romalilarin-iqsunu-dusurdu-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/kursun-tozu-romalilarin-iqsunu-dusurdu-mu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kur\u015fun Tozu Romal\u0131lar\u0131n IQ’sunu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc M\u00fc?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arktik buz \u00e7ekirdeklerinin iklim analizleri, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’ndaki havan\u0131n kur\u015funla yo\u011fun \u015fekilde kirlendi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. <\/p>\n

Veriler ayn\u0131 zamanda imparatorlu\u011fun y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda hava kirlili\u011finin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini de g\u00f6steriyor. O d\u00f6nemdeki ekonomik geli\u015fmelerin ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madencili\u011finin bir sonucu olarak kur\u015funa maruz kalma, Avrupa n\u00fcfusunun zihinsel yeteneklerini de etkileyerek IQ’lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olmu\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

Kur\u015fun toksik bir a\u011f\u0131r metaldir ve bilinen hava kirleticilerden biridir. E\u011fer onu solursak, akci\u011ferler yoluyla kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131m\u0131za kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve bazen y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. Yeti\u015fkinlerde y\u00fcksek kur\u015fun maruziyeti, di\u011fer \u015feylerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, azalm\u0131\u015f ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k tepkisi, k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k ve anemi ile ili\u015fkilidir. <\/p>\n

Kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klar, kanser ve haf\u0131za kayb\u0131 da bunun bir sonucu olabilir. \u00c7ocuklarda az miktarda kur\u015fun bile konsantrasyon sorunlar\u0131na ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck IQ’ya neden olabilir. Bu nedenle art\u0131k kur\u015funlu benzin de dahil olmak \u00fczere kat\u0131 kurallar ge\u00e7erlidir. Peki kur\u015funun hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan etkileri bilinmeden \u00f6nce ne gibi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu?<\/p>\n

\"Roma
Roma D\u00f6neminde G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Madencili\u011fi Yayg\u0131nd\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Buz \u00c7ekirdekleri Tarihsel Hava Kirleticilerini G\u00f6steriyor<\/h3>\n

Bu soruyu yan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in Nevada’daki \u00c7\u00f6l Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden (DRI) Joseph McConnell liderli\u011findeki bir ekip, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, \u00f6zellikle de M\u00d6 500 ile MS 600 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, D\u00fcnya atmosferinin ne kadar kur\u015funla kirlendi\u011fini inceledi.<\/p>\n

Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in hidrologlar, arkeologlar ve tarih\u00e7iler, binlerce y\u0131l boyunca kal\u0131n buz tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu Kuzey Kutbu’ndan \u00fc\u00e7 buz \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ald\u0131lar. O zaman\u0131n iklimi buz s\u00fctunlar\u0131nda santimetre santimetre ar\u015fivleniyor.<\/p>\n

Ekip, laboratuvarda kontroll\u00fc bir \u015fekilde buzu eriterek buzun i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kur\u015fun ve di\u011fer hava kirleticilerin konsantrasyonunu belirledi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar daha sonra atmosferdeki aerosol hareketini g\u00f6steren bilgisayar modellerini kullanarak Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015f kur\u015fun kirlili\u011finin haritalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdular.<\/p>\n

\"Roma
Roma D\u00f6neminde Kur\u015fun Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Y\u00fcksekti<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu D\u00f6neminde Y\u00fcksek D\u00fczeyde Kur\u015fun Kirlili\u011fi<\/h3>\n

Sonu\u00e7: Havadaki kur\u015fun kirlili\u011fi Demir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’nda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ilk olarak M\u00d6 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar artt\u0131. Bu noktada Roma Cumhuriyeti ilk zirvesindeydi. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun M\u00d6 1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki m\u00fcteakip krizi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kur\u015fun kirlili\u011fi ge\u00e7ici olarak keskin bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6sterdi, ard\u0131ndan M\u00d6 15 civar\u0131nda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle yeniden artt\u0131. Kur\u015fun kirlili\u011fi daha sonra MS 165’ten 180’e kadar s\u00fcren ve Avrupa’daki insanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde onunu \u00f6ld\u00fcren Antoninus Vebas\u0131’na kadar y\u00fcksek kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun neredeyse 175 y\u0131ll\u0131k parlak d\u00f6nemi Pax Romana’da atmosfere 500 kilotondan fazla kur\u015fun sal\u0131nd\u0131. Bu de\u011ferler daha sonra birka\u00e7 kez \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, yine de bug\u00fcne kadarki uzun vadeli tarihin en y\u00fcksek seviyesini temsil ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Oxford \u00dcniversitesi’nden k\u0131demli yazar Andrew Wilson, “Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, kur\u015fun kirlili\u011fi kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile periyodik salg\u0131nlar ve salg\u0131nlarla ili\u015fkili n\u00fcfus d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fleri gibi tarihsel olaylar aras\u0131ndaki kesin ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6stererek d\u00f6neme dair anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor” diyor.<\/p>\n

Kur\u015fun Nereden Geldi?<\/h3>\n

Buz \u00e7ekirdekleri, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6nemindeki kur\u015fun kirlili\u011fi seviyesinin ekonomik ve sosyal patlama ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fle ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu zenginle\u015fti\u011finde havadaki kur\u015fun i\u00e7eri\u011fi artt\u0131; krizler s\u0131ras\u0131nda ise d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Peki kur\u015fun krizi nereden geldi?<\/p>\n

Kur\u015funun o d\u00f6nemde nargilelerde, bula\u015f\u0131klarda, kozmetiklerde ve boyalarda bulundu\u011fu tarihi metinlerden bilinmektedir. Ancak kur\u015fun izotoplar\u0131n\u0131n analizi art\u0131k daha \u00f6nceki bulgular\u0131 da do\u011fruluyor ; buna g\u00f6re kur\u015fun, bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Avrupa’daki madencilik ve izabe tesislerinden geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Kur\u015fun, \u00f6zellikle kur\u015fun a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin mineral galenin g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00fcretmek \u00fczere eritildi\u011fi g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madencili\u011fi sonucunda atmosfere sal\u0131nd\u0131. Ekip, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan her ons g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k binlerce ons kur\u015funun a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. McConnell, o d\u00f6nemde Roma ekonomisinin temeli g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fundan, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n “insanlar\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r end\u00fcstriyel faaliyetler yoluyla sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011fini” g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Kur\u015funa Maruz Kalma N\u00fcfusun IQ’sunu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Peki Roma d\u00f6neminde kur\u015fun i\u00e7eren havan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne gibi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu? McConnell ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131 bunu \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in kur\u015fun analizlerini, kur\u015funa maruz kalmay\u0131 bili\u015fsel gerilemeyle ili\u015fkilendiren son epidemiyolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Pax Romana s\u0131ras\u0131nda havadaki kur\u015fun kirlili\u011fi, be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kan\u0131nda desilitre ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,4 mikrogram ortalama kur\u015fun d\u00fczeyine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olabilir. Muhtemelen on bir ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklarda da kan de\u011ferleri y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Roma y\u00f6netimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avrupa n\u00fcfusunun ortalama IQ seviyesi en az 2,5 ila \u00fc\u00e7 puan d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131. Chellman, “IQ’da iki ila \u00fc\u00e7 puanl\u0131k bir azalma kula\u011fa pek fazla gelmiyor, ancak bunu t\u00fcm Avrupa n\u00fcfusuna uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mesele” diyor. Buna g\u00f6re kur\u015funa maruz kalma, o d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n zihinsel yeteneklerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltt\u0131. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Buz \u00e7ekirdekleri, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’ndaki g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madenlerinden \u00e7\u0131kan kur\u015fun par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu \u015fiddetli hava kirlili\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":83,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":416,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81\/revisions\/416"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}