{"id":626,"date":"2026-08-13T08:44:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T05:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/?p=626"},"modified":"2026-08-25T06:50:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T03:50:25","slug":"700-yillik-iskelet-orta-cag-manciniginin-gucunu-ortaya-cikardi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/700-yillik-iskelet-orta-cag-manciniginin-gucunu-ortaya-cikardi\/","title":{"rendered":"700 Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u0130skelet Orta \u00c7a\u011f Manc\u0131n\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019daki Stirling Kalesi\u2019nde yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 bir erke\u011fe ait iskelet \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan yeni incelemeler, Orta \u00c7a\u011f ku\u015fatma silahlar\u0131n\u0131n bir insan \u00fczerinde yaratabilece\u011fi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiyi ortaya koydu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u201cSkeleton 150\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan iskelette 160\u2019tan fazla k\u0131r\u0131k tespit etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve bi\u00e7imi, adam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda son derece y\u00fcksek enerjili tek bir darbeye maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibine g\u00f6re en olas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama, 1304\u2019teki Stirling Kalesi ku\u015fatmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan trebuchet tipi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir manc\u0131n\u0131ktan f\u0131rlat\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131n adama \u00e7arpmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesi do\u011frulan\u0131rsa Skeleton 150, trebuchet sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n insan \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu travman\u0131n arkeolojik kay\u0131tlarda belirlenen ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130skelette 160\u2019tan Fazla K\u0131r\u0131k Bulundu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skeleton 150 \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 incelemede toplam 167 k\u0131r\u0131k belirlendi. Bunlar\u0131n 61\u2019i kafatas\u0131nda, 57\u2019si ise kaburgalarda tespit edildi. Omurga, kollar ve sa\u011f omuzda da ciddi k\u0131r\u0131klar bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hasar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u00fccudun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n darbenin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u015fiddetini de\u011ferlendirmesine imkan sa\u011flad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle kafatas\u0131n\u0131n arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sa\u011f omuz \u00e7evresindeki yo\u011fun par\u00e7alanma, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek h\u0131zla gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cismin etkisine i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kaburgalarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 zikzak bi\u00e7imli k\u0131r\u0131klar da ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri oldu. Benzer k\u0131r\u0131k modellerinin modern adli vakalarda y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 trafik kazalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc biliniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130lk Ba\u015fta K\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcmden Sonra Olu\u015ftu\u011fu San\u0131l\u0131yordu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130skelet, 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stirling Kalesi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kaz\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda kraliyet \u015fapelinin alt\u0131nda bulunan Orta \u00c7a\u011f g\u00f6m\u00fcleri aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk de\u011ferlendirmelerde kemiklerdeki yo\u011fun par\u00e7alanman\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fc sonras\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Aradan ge\u00e7en y\u0131llarda geli\u015fen inceleme y\u00f6ntemleri ise k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn adam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131nda veya hemen \u00e7evresinde olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kemikleri radyografi, mikroskopi, mikro-CT ve \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu tarama gibi y\u00f6ntemlerle yeniden inceledi. Sonu\u00e7lar, hasar\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 veya mezar\u0131n daha sonra zarar g\u00f6rmesiyle a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak kadar farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tek ve \u00c7ok G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Bir Darbe Ald\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, adam\u0131n birbirinden ayr\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131ndan ziyade tek bir y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 darbenin etkisi alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re darbe b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla adam\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan geldi ve sa\u011f omuz ile kafatas\u0131n\u0131n arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yak\u0131n geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 etkiledi. \u0130skeletteki y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, adam\u0131n darbe s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayakta oldu\u011funu ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bacaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Darbenin ard\u0131ndan v\u00fccudun son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yere \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun da g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesi ve di\u011fer kemiklerdeki yayg\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Neden Trebuchet \u00dczerinde Duruyor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kemiklerdeki hasar\u0131n \u015fiddeti, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da b\u00f6yle bir enerjiyi olu\u015fturabilecek silahlar\u0131 incelemeye y\u00f6neltti. D\u00fc\u015fme, at taraf\u0131ndan ezilme veya s\u0131radan yak\u0131n d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f silahlar\u0131, iskelet \u00fczerindeki k\u0131r\u0131k modelini a\u00e7\u0131klamakta yetersiz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarihsel kay\u0131tlar ise ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Stirling Kalesi\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck ku\u015fatma makineleriyle yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde bombaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130ngiltere Kral\u0131 I. Edward\u2019\u0131n ordusu 1304 ku\u015fatmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kaleye kar\u015f\u0131 birden fazla trebuchet kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trebuchet, a\u011f\u0131r bir kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu enerjiyi uzun bir kol arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ta\u015fa aktaran b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ku\u015fatma silah\u0131yd\u0131. F\u0131rlat\u0131lan a\u011f\u0131r ta\u015flar esas olarak surlar\u0131, kuleleri ve di\u011fer savunma yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1304 Stirling Kalesi Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skeleton 150\u2019nin tarihlendirildi\u011fi d\u00f6nem, \u0130sko\u00e7 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan birine denk geliyor. Stirling Kalesi 1304 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere Kral\u0131 I. Edward\u2019\u0131n kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kale o s\u0131rada \u0130ngiliz hakimiyetine kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcren en \u00f6nemli \u0130sko\u00e7 kalelerinden biriydi. \u0130ngiliz ordusu surlar\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 ku\u015fatma silahlar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131rken aylar s\u00fcren ku\u015fatma, d\u00f6nemin en kapsaml\u0131 ku\u015fatma operasyonlar\u0131ndan birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skeleton 150\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131k ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme tarihlenmesi ve kale i\u00e7inde g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc 1304 ku\u015fatmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirmesinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">War Wolf Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n En B\u00fcy\u00fck Trebuchetlerinden Biriydi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stirling ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc silah\u0131, I. Edward\u2019\u0131n emriyle in\u015fa edilen ve \u201cWar Wolf\u201d ad\u0131yla bilinen dev trebuchetti. D\u00f6neminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ku\u015fatma makinelerinden biri olan silah\u0131n 300 pounddan, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 136 kilogramdan daha a\u011f\u0131r ta\u015flar\u0131 f\u0131rlatabildi\u011fi aktar\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">War Wolf\u2019un boyutu ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc, ku\u015fatman\u0131n tarihsel anlat\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir yer tutuyor. \u0130sko\u00e7 garnizonunun silah\u0131n tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra teslim olmak istedi\u011fine, ancak I. Edward\u2019\u0131n yeni makineyi denemeden teslimiyeti kabul etmedi\u011fine ili\u015fkin kay\u0131tlar bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bununla birlikte Skeleton 150\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcren ta\u015f\u0131n War Wolf taraf\u0131ndan f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek do\u011frudan bir kan\u0131t yok. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar adam\u0131n bir trebuchet veya benzer b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ku\u015fatma silah\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnse de belirli silah\u0131n kimli\u011fi \u015fimdilik kesinle\u015ftirilemiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Orta \u00c7a\u011f Ku\u015fatma Silahlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130nsan \u00dczerindeki Etkisi \u0130lk Kez G\u00f6r\u00fclebilir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trebuchetlerin kaleler ve surlar \u00fczerindeki etkisi tarihsel kaynaklarda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu silahlar\u0131n do\u011frudan vurdu\u011fu insanlarda nas\u0131l bir travma olu\u015fturdu\u011funu g\u00f6steren arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar son derece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skeleton 150 bu a\u00e7\u0131dan s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturuyor. Kafatas\u0131ndan kaburgalara kadar uzanan yo\u011fun k\u0131r\u0131klar, surlar\u0131 par\u00e7alamak amac\u0131yla tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir ku\u015fatma silah\u0131n\u0131n insan bedenine \u00e7arpmas\u0131 halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek kuvveti do\u011frudan g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar k\u0131r\u0131k modelinin modern y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 trafik kazalar\u0131 veya tren \u00e7arpmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen travmalarla benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, darbenin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir referans sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130lk Arkeolojik Trebuchet Kurban\u0131 Olabilir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">University of Bradford\u2019dan biyoarkeolog Jo Buckberry taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Skeleton 150\u2019nin trebuchet kaynakl\u0131 travmaya ili\u015fkin bilinen ilk arkeolojik \u00f6rnek olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bulgular 5 A\u011fustos 2026\u2019da Berlin\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen 25. Avrupa Paleopatoloji Toplant\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda sunuldu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma hen\u00fcz hakem de\u011ferlendirmesinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f bilimsel bir makale olarak yay\u0131mlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm nedenine ili\u015fkin yorumlar\u0131n mevcut bulgular \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan bilimsel de\u011ferlendirmeler oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buna ra\u011fmen iskeletin tarihlendirilmesi, Stirling Kalesi\u2019ndeki g\u00f6m\u00fc yeri, k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm an\u0131ndaki niteli\u011fi ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 tek darbe modeli birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, bir Orta \u00c7a\u011f ku\u015fatma silah\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmden sorumlu oldu\u011fu ihtimali g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 y\u0131l boyunca Stirling Kalesi\u2019nin alt\u0131nda kalan Skeleton 150, b\u00f6ylece Orta \u00c7a\u011f sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca kaleler ve ordular \u00fczerindeki de\u011fil, bireysel insanlar \u00fczerindeki fiziksel etkisine ili\u015fkin s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir arkeolojik kay\u0131t sunuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019daki Stirling Kalesi\u2019nde bulunan yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir iskelette 160\u2019tan fazla k\u0131r\u0131k belirlendi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, adam\u0131n 1304 ku\u015fatmas\u0131nda bir trebuchet mermisiyle \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=626"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/626\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":628,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/626\/revisions\/628"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}