Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, G\u00fcney Mezopotamya’n\u0131n Eridu b\u00f6lgesinde geni\u015f ve iyi korunmu\u015f bir antik sulama kanal\u0131 a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak erken d\u00f6nem tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yeni bilgiler elde etti.<\/p>\n
Jeoarkeolog Jaafar Jotheri liderli\u011findeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, M\u00d6 1. biny\u0131ldan \u00f6nceye dayanan kapsaml\u0131 bir su y\u00f6netim sistemi ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n
M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan M\u00d6 1. bin y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar eski \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin F\u0131rat Nehri’ni kullanarak tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l sulad\u0131klar\u0131na dair nadir bilgiler sunuyor.<\/p>\n
Bu ke\u015fif, yaln\u0131zca eski sulama sistemlerine ili\u015fkin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geli\u015ftirmekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda erken d\u00f6nem \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve uyum yetene\u011fini de vurguluyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Antiquity dergisinde yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Irak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Basra yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Eridu b\u00f6lgesi, M\u00d6 1. bin y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda F\u0131rat Nehri’nin yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi nedeniyle y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca el de\u011fmemi\u015f bir halde kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu durum, b\u00f6lgeyi kurak ve \u0131ss\u0131z b\u0131rakarak, Mezopotamya’n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, eski sulama sistemlerinin yeni kanallar veya nehir tortular\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi nedeniyle antik manzaran\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Jeolojik haritalar, uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, drone foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, antik F\u0131rat Nehri’ne do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131 200’den fazla ana kanal tespit etti.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca 700’den fazla \u00e7iftli\u011fe ba\u011flanan 4.000’den fazla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kanal da haritaland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu karma\u015f\u0131k sulama a\u011f\u0131, do\u011fal manzaray\u0131 kendi avantajlar\u0131na kullanan eski Mezopotamya \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin geli\u015fmi\u015f su y\u00f6netimi becerilerini yans\u0131t\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek nehir setleri suyun yer \u00e7ekimi etkisiyle \u00e7evredeki tarlalara akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken, yar\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131lmalar\u0131 olarak bilinen setlerdeki k\u0131r\u0131lmalar suyun ta\u015fk\u0131n yata\u011f\u0131na da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Bu teknikler \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin nehrin her iki yakas\u0131nda da \u00fcr\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirmelerine olanak sa\u011flad\u0131, ancak kuzey yakas\u0131 daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde tar\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada ayr\u0131ca sulama sisteminin y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca nas\u0131l evrimle\u015fti\u011fi de vurgulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Kanallar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli miktarda emek ve uzmanl\u0131k gerekiyordu; bu da a\u011f\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin farkl\u0131 zamanlarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lacak ileri ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla, zaman i\u00e7inde tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri daha iyi anlayabilmek i\u00e7in her kanal\u0131n tarihi belirlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n
Kanal tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n antik \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinlerdeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Mezopotamya’daki tar\u0131msal y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n
Kaynak:<\/strong> \r\nPhys.org<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Eridu’da devam eden ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda G\u00fcney Mezopotamya’da \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l sulad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 bulundu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/430","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=430"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/430\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":433,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/430\/revisions\/433"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}