Kahire’deki M\u0131s\u0131r M\u00fczesi’ndeki dokuz mumyan\u0131n koku analizi, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k mumyalar\u0131n bug\u00fcn bile yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kokular\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bu kokular\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki \u00f6zleri ve mumyalama uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6len ki\u015finin ya\u015f\u0131na ve stat\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k alt\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm maskesi takan bir mumyan\u0131n ise olduk\u00e7a ho\u015f kokulu oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ancak \u00f6len adam\u0131n kim oldu\u011fu hala bir s\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, yaln\u0131zca bedenin m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde korunmas\u0131, \u00f6b\u00fcr d\u00fcnyada iyi bir ya\u015fam\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bunu ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in mumyalay\u0131c\u0131lar \u00fcst d\u00fczey cesetleri karma\u015f\u0131k bir i\u015fleme tabi tutuyorlard\u0131. \u00d6nce v\u00fccudu sodyum tuzlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer maddelerle susuzla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar, sonra da ho\u015f kokulu ve antimikrobiyal esanslar ve ya\u011flarla tedavi ettiler. Keten sarg\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zel esanslarla \u0131slat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mumya yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tarifleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi, at\u00f6lyelerinden \u00e7\u0131kan kaplar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki kal\u0131nt\u0131lardan ve ayr\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00fclerin organlar\u0131n\u0131n sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mezarlardaki kanopik k\u00fcplerden elde edilmektedir. Ljubljana \u00dcniversitesi’nden Emma Paolin ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131, “Ancak mumyalama uygulamalar\u0131 zamanla de\u011fi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 zamanda mumyalaman\u0131n kalitesi toplumsal hiyerar\u015fiyi de yans\u0131t\u0131r: Firavunlar ve \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkililer en \u00f6zenli ve en iyi muameleyi g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc.\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte bu nedenle Paolin ve ekibi, antik M\u0131s\u0131r s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 biraz farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131: \u0130lk kez, Kahire’deki M\u0131s\u0131r M\u00fczesi’ndeki dokuz mumyadan yay\u0131lan kokular\u0131 sistematik olarak incelediler. Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in, gaz kromatografisi ve k\u00fctle spektrometrisi kullanarak u\u00e7ucu kimyasallar\u0131 analiz ettiler, ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda koku notalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in deneyimli insan koku test uzmanlar\u0131na da ba\u015fvurdular.<\/p>\n
Mumyalar\u0131n 3.300 y\u0131ll\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u00fcfl\u00fc veya k\u00f6t\u00fc kokmad\u0131klar\u0131, tam tersine g\u00fczel koktuklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, “Uzmanlar kokuyu oybirli\u011fiyle ho\u015f olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131lar” diye bildiriyor. T\u00fcm mumyalar\u0131n ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi, baharatl\u0131 notalara sahip odunsu-baharatl\u0131 bir kokuya sahip olmalar\u0131yd\u0131. Bu kokular\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, kimyasal analizler sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan orijinal mumyalama \u00f6zlerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, alfa-pinen, D-limonen veya verbenon gibi terpenoidler baharatl\u0131 kokunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Paolin ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131, “Mumyalama s\u0131ras\u0131nda ard\u0131\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131, m\u00fcr ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck gibi bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorlar. Ayr\u0131ca sedir veya \u00e7am re\u00e7inesi ve kekik, lavanta ve okalipt\u00fcs gibi di\u011fer otlar da kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Ancak mumya kokusunda bakteri ve mantarlardan elde edilen bile\u015fenlere de rastland\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, “Bu kokular mumyalama \u00f6zlerindeki ya\u011flar\u0131n ve kat\u0131 ya\u011flar\u0131n mikrobiyal bozunmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 zamanda insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda da \u00fcretilmi\u015f olabilir” diye yaz\u0131yor. Bir di\u011fer “koku izi” ise ilk olarak m\u00fczedeki baz\u0131 mumyalara uygulanan bir u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan geliyor. Bunlar, zararl\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011ferli kal\u0131nt\u0131lardan uzak tutmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ancak yap\u0131lan analizler mumyalar aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar da ortaya koydu. M\u00d6 664-332 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait ge\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ait \u00fc\u00e7 mumyan\u0131n kokular\u0131n\u0131n birbirine \u00e7ok benzedi\u011fi ve kimyasal a\u00e7\u0131dan da b\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlikler g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Paolin ve ekibi, “Bunun nedeni muhtemelen hepsinin o d\u00f6nemde yayg\u0131n olan ayn\u0131 tariflerle mumyalanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131” \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
M.\u00d6. 1500-1000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131na tarihlenen Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6nemine ait iki mumya. Ancak BC’de birbirleri aras\u0131nda daha az benzerlik vard\u0131; belki de o d\u00f6nemde tarifler daha az standartt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ancak bir mumya a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, “Kokusu daha fazla bile\u015fen i\u00e7eriyordu ve bunlar genellikle daha y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlardayd\u0131” diye bildiriyor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 bin 200 y\u0131ll\u0131k bu \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ayn\u0131 zamanda en iyi korunmu\u015f olan\u0131 olmas\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a anlaml\u0131. Ancak bu y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan \u00f6len ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011fu hen\u00fcz bilinmiyor.<\/p>\n
Ekip \u00fcyeleri “Lahitinde y\u00fcksek bir sosyal stat\u00fcye i\u015faret eden yald\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00fcm maskesi var. Bu nedenle, bu \u00f6len ki\u015fi daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir mumyalama i\u015flemi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olabilir” dedi.<\/p>\n
Genel olarak m\u00fczede sergilenen mumyalar\u0131n biraz daha yo\u011fun bir kokuya sahip oldu\u011fu tespit edildi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bunun nedenini, alt\u0131n maskeli \u00f6l\u00fc adam\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu mumyalar\u0131n kilitli vitrinlerde saklanmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yor. M\u00fczenin depolama alan\u0131ndaki mumyalar ise gev\u015fek\u00e7e sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ah\u015fap lahitlerin i\u00e7inde yat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Paolin ve ekibine g\u00f6re bu durum de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeli: “Koku, bu mumyalar\u0131n tarihi miras\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve bu nedenle uygun koruma stratejileri bu koku miras\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemlidir.” <\/p>\n
Kaynak:<\/strong> \r\n Amerikan Kimya Derne\u011fi Dergisi<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sistematik koku analizi, M\u0131s\u0131r’daki mumyalama i\u015fleminin koku notalar\u0131n\u0131 ve bile\u015fenlerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=360"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":365,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/360\/revisions\/365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}