Arkeologlar, Danimarka’n\u0131n Funen adas\u0131nda bulunan 5 bin 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k Neolitik yerle\u015fim yerinde de\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra erken tah\u0131l taneleri de ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n
Ancak yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015flar\u0131 tah\u0131l \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmek i\u00e7in kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Ekmek pi\u015firmek yerine tah\u0131llardan muhtemelen lapa yap\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Arkeologlar, Funen’deki Haarby’nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki Strandby adas\u0131ndaki Frydenlund’da Erken Neolitik Huni Bardak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yerle\u015fiminin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kazd\u0131klar\u0131nda on d\u00f6rt adet bileme ta\u015f\u0131 buldular. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7\u0131plak arpa, emmer ve sert bu\u011fday da dahil olmak \u00fczere 5.000’den fazla k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f tah\u0131l tanesi buldular. <\/p>\n
5.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce insanlar\u0131n tah\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcp un haline getirip ekmek pi\u015firdikleri hemen akla gelebilir. Asl\u0131nda bu, o d\u00f6nemde de\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tipik yorumuydu. Ama yapmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
De\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131yla tah\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmediler<\/p>\n
Danimarka, Almanya ve \u0130spanya’dan gelen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan olu\u015fan uluslararas\u0131 bir ekip hem tah\u0131llar\u0131 hem de ta\u015flar\u0131 inceledi ve de\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tah\u0131l \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna vard\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ta\u015flar\u0131n y\u00fczeylerindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bo\u015fluklarda bulunan mikroskobik mineral bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 (fitolitler) ve ni\u015fasta tanelerini incelediler. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f tah\u0131la dair hi\u00e7bir kan\u0131t bulamad\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ta\u015flar\u0131n \u00fczerinde yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 fitolit buldular ve tespit ettikleri ni\u015fasta tanelerinin tah\u0131llardan de\u011fil, yabani bitkilerden geldi\u011fini tespit ettiler.<\/p>\n
Ni\u015fasta gran\u00fcllerinin hangi bitkilerden elde edildi\u011fi tespit edilemedi. Uzmanlar en bariz adaylar\u0131, yani yerle\u015fim yerinde bulunan ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmemi\u015f tah\u0131llar\u0131 ve f\u0131nd\u0131k da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli toplanm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Dr. Moesgaard M\u00fczesi\u2019nden Phil. Niels H. Andersen y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Vegetation History and Archaeobotany dergisinde yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n
De\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131yla ne yapt\u0131lar?<\/p>\n
De\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz bilinmiyor, sadece tah\u0131l \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan darbe hareketlerinden kaynaklanan belirgin bir a\u015f\u0131nma belirtisi yok.<\/p>\n
\u201cDarbe hareketlerinin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan yalak bi\u00e7imli el de\u011firmenleri ise 500 y\u0131l sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Burada incelenen de\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131, ta\u015f havanlarla d\u00f6v\u00fclerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca alanda buna benzer havan elleri bulundu; bunlar yuvarlak, kal\u0131n ta\u015f sosislere benziyordu. Ancak bunlar fitolit veya ni\u015fasta a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan test edilmedi.<\/p>\n
Kuzey Avrupa’daki ilk \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin de\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131nda fitolit ve ni\u015fasta analizlerinin en son teknolojiyle bir araya getirildi\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rma ilk kez ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. <\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7lar, Kuzey Avrupa’n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerindeki arkeobotanik\u00e7iler ve arkeologlar taraf\u0131ndan yulaf lapas\u0131 ve lapa haline getirilmi\u015f tah\u0131l kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesinin ard\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lan bir hipotezi destekliyor: \u0130lk \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ekmek ve suyla de\u011fil, su ve lapayla, ayr\u0131ca meyveler, f\u0131nd\u0131klar, k\u00f6kler ve etle ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ve evet, muhtemelen su i\u00e7iyorlard\u0131. Andersen’e g\u00f6re, Danimarka’da Bronz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’ndan \u00f6nce bira \u00fcretimine dair belirgin bir ize rastlanmad\u0131. Ancak Moesgaard M\u00fczesi’nden iki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u015funu vurguluyor: <\/p>\n
“Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sadece bir yerle\u015fim yerinden bahsediyor. Huni Bardak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden elde edilen di\u011fer buluntular\u0131 desteklerken, bu y\u00f6ntemin di\u011fer kaz\u0131lardan elde edilen buluntulara uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar verebilece\u011fini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edemeyiz.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Huni Bardak K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc nedir?<\/p>\n
Huni Bardak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, M\u00d6 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000-2800 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kuzey, Orta ve Do\u011fu Avrupa’da g\u00f6r\u00fclen erken d\u00f6nem tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. M.\u00d6. \u0130skandinavya’da tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret etti. Bu isim, bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrde yayg\u0131n olan huni bi\u00e7imli boyunlu kil kaplardan gelmektedir. G\u00fcney Funen’de bulunan buluntu, kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede Huni Bardak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait de\u011firmen ta\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme tah\u0131llar\u0131na ait en kapsaml\u0131 buluntu olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Kaynak:<\/strong> \r\nHerder<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Danimarka’daki Funen adas\u0131nda 5 bin 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k neolitik \u00e7a\u011f yerle\u015fiminde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin diyetleri hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bulgulara rastland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=326"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":373,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326\/revisions\/373"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dunyamiraslari.com\/gundem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}